Boroondara Road District - Revision history

Philip: /* 1857-58 opposition */ Added rates disquiet

2019-03-15T08:31:18Z

1857-58 opposition: Added rates disquiet

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:31, 15 March 2019
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	===1857-58 opposition===		===1857-58 opposition===
	Those opposed to the formation of the District continued in their attempts to frustrate the activities of the newly-elected Board. Opponents held a public meeting on 8 August 1857 to condemn the first collection of rates. They argued that residents had not been given enough notice and that the process did not allow any recourse or appeal. Dr Palmer, by now the inaugural [[wikipedia:President of the Victorian Legislative Council\|president of the Victorian Legislative Council]], addressed the meeting at length. According to reports in the ''Argus'', he was philosophical about their cause and urged opponents to accept their defeat, despite his previous rigorous opposition. Several resolutions were passed at the conclusion of the meeting; most notably one that created a committee of five men to "watch over the proceedings of the road board" and raise money to fund their activities.<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road Board''. 10 August 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7136765, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref><ref>The Age. ''The Boroondara Road Board v. its Inhabitants''. 13 August 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154832961, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref>		Those opposed to the formation of the District continued in their attempts to frustrate the activities of the newly-elected Board. Opponents held a public meeting on 8 August 1857 to condemn the first collection of rates. This was part of general disquiet throughout Melbourne among some settlers who resented having to pay property rates.<ref name="OldHartwellBook">Wehner, Volkhard. ''Old Hartwell - the life and times of the village that lost its name''. 2012: Glen Iris.</ref> They argued that residents had not been given enough notice and that the process did not allow any recourse or appeal. Dr Palmer, by now the inaugural [[wikipedia:President of the Victorian Legislative Council\|president of the Victorian Legislative Council]], addressed the meeting at length. According to reports in the ''Argus'', he was philosophical about their cause and urged opponents to accept their defeat, despite his previous rigorous opposition. Several resolutions were passed at the conclusion of the meeting; most notably one that created a committee of five men to "watch over the proceedings of the road board" and raise money to fund their activities.<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road Board''. 10 August 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7136765, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref><ref>The Age. ''The Boroondara Road Board v. its Inhabitants''. 13 August 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154832961, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref>

	Once formed, this committee began holding further meetings to drum up support for their cause throughout Boroondara. After a number of people refused to pay their rates, the committee resolved to assist in the defence of anybody summoned before a court for the failure to pay rates if that person also agreed to oppose the entire legality of the Board and its existence.<ref>The Age. ''Boroondara Road Board''. 30 September 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154830761, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> The failure of nine residents to pay their rates was brought before the District Court, the first time that such a case had been presented in [[wikipedia:Victoria, Australia\|Victoria]].<ref>The Argus. ''Road Board Rates''. 1 October 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7139572, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> The defence successfully argued that the court had no such jurisdiction in the matter and that it should be referred to the Supreme or County Courts.<ref>The Age. ''Boroondara Road Board''. 3 October 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154835425, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> These events coincided with the convening of the Board's annual general meeting which was held on Saturday 3 October. It was thrown into disarray when members of the residents committee took control of the meeting and refused to appoint any auditors or board members.<ref>The Age. ''Boroondara Road Board''. 7 October 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154831928, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref>		Once formed, this committee began holding further meetings to drum up support for their cause throughout Boroondara. After a number of people refused to pay their rates, the committee resolved to assist in the defence of anybody summoned before a court for the failure to pay rates if that person also agreed to oppose the entire legality of the Board and its existence.<ref>The Age. ''Boroondara Road Board''. 30 September 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154830761, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> The failure of nine residents to pay their rates was brought before the District Court, the first time that such a case had been presented in [[wikipedia:Victoria, Australia\|Victoria]].<ref>The Argus. ''Road Board Rates''. 1 October 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7139572, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> The defence successfully argued that the court had no such jurisdiction in the matter and that it should be referred to the Supreme or County Courts.<ref>The Age. ''Boroondara Road Board''. 3 October 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154835425, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> These events coincided with the convening of the Board's annual general meeting which was held on Saturday 3 October. It was thrown into disarray when members of the residents committee took control of the meeting and refused to appoint any auditors or board members.<ref>The Age. ''Boroondara Road Board''. 7 October 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154831928, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref>

Philip: Added Boroondara proclamation image

2018-07-06T23:57:49Z

Added Boroondara proclamation image

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:57, 7 July 2018
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	The '''Boroondara Road District''' was the first iteration of local government in present-day [[Boroondara]]. It was one of the first road boards proclaimed under new legislation passed by the [[wikipedia:Parliament of Victoria\|Parliament of Victoria]] and survived several challenges to its authority in its early years. After its tumultuous start, [[Kew]] and [[Hawthorn]] seceeded in 1860 to form their own municipal governments. The Boroondara Road District was eventually reconstituted as the [[Shire of Boroondara]] in 1871.		The '''Boroondara Road District''' was the first iteration of local government in present-day [[Boroondara]]. It was one of the first road boards proclaimed under new legislation passed by the [[wikipedia:Parliament of Victoria\|Parliament of Victoria]] and survived several challenges to its authority in its early years. After its tumultuous start, [[Kew]] and [[Hawthorn]] seceeded in 1860 to form their own municipal governments. The Boroondara Road District was eventually reconstituted as the [[Shire of Boroondara]] in 1871.

			[[File:Boroondara Road District Proclamation 11 July 1854.jpg\|300px\|right\|thumb\|The Victorian Government Gazette of 11 July 1854 officially establishing Boroondara as a local government.]]
	== History ==		== History ==
	{{Under construction}}		{{Under construction}}

Philip: Fixed some style, spelling and grammar

2018-01-23T11:34:14Z

Fixed some style, spelling and grammar

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:34, 23 January 2018
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	===1857-58 opposition===		===1857-58 opposition===
	Those opposed to the formation of the District continued in their attempts to frustrate the activities of the newly-elected Board. ~~To coincide with the first collection of rates, opponents~~ held a public meeting on 8 August 1857 to condemn ~~these actions~~. They argued that residents had not been given enough notice of the ~~rate collection, nor~~ did ~~the process~~ allow any recourse or appeal. Dr Palmer, by now the inaugural [[wikipedia:President of the Victorian Legislative Council\|president of the Victorian Legislative Council]], addressed the meeting at length. According to reports in the ''Argus''~~, despite his previous opposition~~, he was philosophical about ~~its presence~~ and urged opponents to accept their defeat. At the conclusion of the meeting~~, several resolutions were passed~~; most ~~notable~~ one that created a committee of five men to "watch over the proceedings of the road board" and raise ~~funds~~.<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road Board''. 10 August 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7136765, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref><ref>The Age. ''The Boroondara Road Board v. its Inhabitants''. 13 August 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154832961, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref>		Those opposed to the formation of the District continued in their attempts to frustrate the activities of the newly-elected Board. Opponents held a public meeting on 8 August 1857 to condemn the first collection of rates. They argued that residents had not been given enough notice and that the process did not allow any recourse or appeal. Dr Palmer, by now the inaugural [[wikipedia:President of the Victorian Legislative Council\|president of the Victorian Legislative Council]], addressed the meeting at length. According to reports in the ''Argus'', he was philosophical about their cause and urged opponents to accept their defeat, despite his previous rigorous opposition. Several resolutions were passed at the conclusion of the meeting; most notably one that created a committee of five men to "watch over the proceedings of the road board" and raise money to fund their activities.<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road Board''. 10 August 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7136765, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref><ref>The Age. ''The Boroondara Road Board v. its Inhabitants''. 13 August 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154832961, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref>

	Once formed, this committee began holding further meetings to drum up support for their cause ~~from~~ Boroondara. After a number of ~~ratepayers~~ refused to pay their ~~rate~~, the committee resolved to assist in the defence of anybody summoned before a court for the failure to pay rates if that person also agreed to oppose the entire legality of the Board and its existence.<ref>The Age. ''Boroondara Road Board''. 30 September 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154830761, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> The failure of nine residents to pay their rates was brought before the District Court, the first time that such a case had been presented in [[wikipedia:Victoria, Australia\|Victoria]].<ref>The Argus. ''Road Board Rates''. 1 October 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7139572, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> The defence successfully argued that the court had no such jurisdiction in the matter and that it should be referred to the Supreme or County Courts.<ref>The Age. ''Boroondara Road Board''. 3 October 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154835425, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> These events coincided with the convening of the Board's annual general meeting which was held on Saturday 3 October. It was thrown into disarray when members of the residents committee took control of the meeting and refused to appoint any auditors or board members.<ref>The Age. ''Boroondara Road Board''. 7 October 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154831928, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref>		Once formed, this committee began holding further meetings to drum up support for their cause throughout Boroondara. After a number of people refused to pay their rates, the committee resolved to assist in the defence of anybody summoned before a court for the failure to pay rates if that person also agreed to oppose the entire legality of the Board and its existence.<ref>The Age. ''Boroondara Road Board''. 30 September 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154830761, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> The failure of nine residents to pay their rates was brought before the District Court, the first time that such a case had been presented in [[wikipedia:Victoria, Australia\|Victoria]].<ref>The Argus. ''Road Board Rates''. 1 October 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7139572, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> The defence successfully argued that the court had no such jurisdiction in the matter and that it should be referred to the Supreme or County Courts.<ref>The Age. ''Boroondara Road Board''. 3 October 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154835425, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> These events coincided with the convening of the Board's annual general meeting which was held on Saturday 3 October. It was thrown into disarray when members of the residents committee took control of the meeting and refused to appoint any auditors or board members.<ref>The Age. ''Boroondara Road Board''. 7 October 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154831928, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref>

	After the throwing out of the case ~~of failure of pay rates~~ by the District Court, the matter was heard by the County Court on Monday 7 December 1857. Newspapers reported large numbers of people gathering to watch the proceedings as the case had transformed from a comparatively simple case of debt collection to a determination on the validity and legitimacy of the Board itself.<ref>The Age. ''County Court of Bourke - Billyeld v Johnston''. 9 December 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154830721, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> The case continued in another sitting on 30 December<ref>The Age. ''County Court of Bourke - Billyeld v Johnston''. 31 December 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154833370, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> On the following day, the justice presented his findings, ruling in favour of the Board.<ref>The Argus. ''County Court of Bourke - Boroondara Road Board Case - Billyeld v Johnston''. 1 January 1858. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7144386, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref><ref>The Age. ''The News of the Day''. 1 January 1858. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154857642, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref>		After the throwing out of the case by the District Court, the matter was heard by the County Court on Monday 7 December 1857. Newspapers reported large numbers of people gathering to watch the proceedings as the case had transformed from a comparatively simple case of debt collection to a determination on the validity and legitimacy of the Board itself.<ref>The Age. ''County Court of Bourke - Billyeld v Johnston''. 9 December 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154830721, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> The case continued in another sitting on 30 December<ref>The Age. ''County Court of Bourke - Billyeld v Johnston''. 31 December 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154833370, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> On the following day, the justice presented his findings, ruling in favour of the Board.<ref>The Argus. ''County Court of Bourke - Boroondara Road Board Case - Billyeld v Johnston''. 1 January 1858. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7144386, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref><ref>The Age. ''The News of the Day''. 1 January 1858. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154857642, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref>

	===1860 secessions===		===1860 secessions===

Philip: Added 1860 secession Kew section

2017-10-05T09:55:25Z

Added 1860 secession Kew section

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:55, 5 October 2017
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	===1860 secessions===		===1860 secessions===
			====Hawthorn====
			====Kew====
			Following the separation of Hawthorn from the Boroondara Road District, residents of Kew began to agitate for their area to do the same. A petition was prepared throughout June and formally presented to the Governor of Victoria on 16 July 1860.<ref>The Argus. ''Gazette''. 18 July 1860. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5686327, accessed: 5 October 2017</ref>

			The proposal was initially opposed by the Board of Land and Works when the delegation from Kew was first received on 28 September 1860. The Board did not believe in the efficiency or effectiveness of small road districts and did not wish for Kew to be constituted over such a small geographic area.<ref>The Argus. ''Deputations to the Board of Land and Works''. 29 September 1860. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5690651, accessed: 5 October 2017</ref>

			A fortnight later, a second delegation visited the Board and asked for a decision to be made. The representative from Kew stated that although they had "no quarrel" with the way in which the Boroondara District was being managed, the division in half of Boroondara by the secession of Hawthorn made administration of Kew from Camberwell very difficult. Despite the delegates' best efforts, the president of the Board of Land and Works reiterated the earlier statements. However, he suggested that Kew be incorporated into the new Hawthorn municipality or subsumed by the Bulleen Road Board, with Camberwell then forming part the Nunawading Road Board instead. The Kew delegate indicated his approval of such a plan.<ref>The Argus. ''Friday 12 October''. 12 October 1860. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5691450/200960, accessed: 5 October 2017</ref>

			Kew was formally declared a separate municipality on 18 December 1860.<ref>The Argus. ''Gazette''. 20 December 1860. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5695316, accessed: 5 October 2017</ref>

	== Governance ==		== Governance ==

Philip: Added introduction and 1860 heading

2017-10-05T09:18:13Z

Added introduction and 1860 heading

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:18, 5 October 2017
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	\| footnotes = First Board elected on 7 October 1856		\| footnotes = First Board elected on 7 October 1856
	}}		}}

			The '''Boroondara Road District''' was the first iteration of local government in present-day [[Boroondara]]. It was one of the first road boards proclaimed under new legislation passed by the [[wikipedia:Parliament of Victoria\|Parliament of Victoria]] and survived several challenges to its authority in its early years. After its tumultuous start, [[Kew]] and [[Hawthorn]] seceeded in 1860 to form their own municipal governments. The Boroondara Road District was eventually reconstituted as the [[Shire of Boroondara]] in 1871.

	== History ==		== History ==
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	http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/66903364		http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/66903364

	=== First proclamation ===		===First proclamation===
	The Boroondara Road District was gazetted on 11 July 1854 after residents of Boroondara petitioned the state government. Following an act of ~~[[wikipedia:~~Parliament ~~of Victoria\|Parliament]]~~ in 1853, road boards could be constituted in parts of the state where at least five landowners and five residents had petitioned a local [[wikipedia:Justice of the Peace\|Justice of the Peace]] to do so. The purpose of these organisations was to improve, maintain and manage roads and bridges throughout the state consisting of local elected members. Their activities were overseen by the Central Roads Board reporting directly to the [[wikipedia:Lieutenant-Governor\|Lieutenant-Governor]] of the day.<ref>Victorian Government Gazette. ''No. XL - An Act for making and improving Roads in the Colony of Victoria''. Australasian Legal Information Institute. 8 February 1853. http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/hist_act/aafmairitcov538.pdf, accessed: 3 December 2016</ref>		The Boroondara Road District was gazetted on 11 July 1854 after residents of Boroondara petitioned the state government. Following an act of the Victorian Parliament in 1853, road boards could be constituted in parts of the state where at least five landowners and five residents had petitioned a local [[wikipedia:Justice of the Peace\|Justice of the Peace]] to do so. The purpose of these organisations was to improve, maintain and manage roads and bridges throughout the state consisting of local elected members. Their activities were overseen by the Central Roads Board reporting directly to the [[wikipedia:Lieutenant-Governor\|Lieutenant-Governor]] of the day.<ref>Victorian Government Gazette. ''No. XL - An Act for making and improving Roads in the Colony of Victoria''. Australasian Legal Information Institute. 8 February 1853. http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/hist_act/aafmairitcov538.pdf, accessed: 3 December 2016</ref>

	Elections were subsequently held to determine the members of the Board. Overseen by the local justice of the peace, J. F. Palmer, the first meeting was subsequently held at the [[Red Lion Hotel]] in [[Hawthorn]] at 2pm on 2 September 1854.<ref>The Argus ''Advertising - Boroondara Road District''. 23 August 1854. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/4796721, accessed: 3 December 2016</ref> However, historical records suggest that an election was either not held or no candidates came forward, as the first Board was not elected until 1856.<ref name="BlameyHistoryCamberwell" /> Thus, the District was not properly constituted and seems to have existed only in name until 1856.		Elections were subsequently held to determine the members of the Board. Overseen by the local justice of the peace, J. F. Palmer, the first meeting was subsequently held at the [[Red Lion Hotel]] in [[Hawthorn]] at 2pm on 2 September 1854.<ref>The Argus ''Advertising - Boroondara Road District''. 23 August 1854. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/4796721, accessed: 3 December 2016</ref> However, historical records suggest that an election was either not held or no candidates came forward, as the first Board was not elected until 1856.<ref name="BlameyHistoryCamberwell" /> Thus, the District was not properly constituted and seems to have existed only in name until 1856.

	=== Second proclamation ===		===Second proclamation===
	A public meeting held on 17 September 1856 was convened to discuss the formation and boundaries of the Boroondara Road District. As reported in the ''Argus'', the gathering was well-attended and support for the creation of a district and board was generally present. This was despite some interjections and opposition from those concerned about the levying of rates on property owners, although this does not appear to have been a popular view.<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road District''. 17 September 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7136736, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>		A public meeting held on 17 September 1856 was convened to discuss the formation and boundaries of the Boroondara Road District. As reported in the ''Argus'', the gathering was well-attended and support for the creation of a district and board was generally present. This was despite some interjections and opposition from those concerned about the levying of rates on property owners, although this does not appear to have been a popular view.<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road District''. 17 September 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7136736, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>

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	:''"Localise your Government : let each district have its representatives to improve, strengthen and protect its own interests, such institutions to be fostered by the central Government...Inhabitants of Boroondara, arouse from your lethargy, and show these sapient legislators, and would be legislator, that if they have had their roads made at the public expense, they shall contribute, if not a portion of their time, at least of their money to make yours."''<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road Board - to the editor of the Argus''. 1 November 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7139352, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>		:''"Localise your Government : let each district have its representatives to improve, strengthen and protect its own interests, such institutions to be fostered by the central Government...Inhabitants of Boroondara, arouse from your lethargy, and show these sapient legislators, and would be legislator, that if they have had their roads made at the public expense, they shall contribute, if not a portion of their time, at least of their money to make yours."''<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road Board - to the editor of the Argus''. 1 November 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7139352, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>

	=== Operations ===		===Operations===
	The Board began advertising for official positions in newspapers and held its first meetings.<ref>The Argus. ''Wanted - a secretary for the Boroondara Road Board''. 8 December 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7141321, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref><ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road District - Wanted, Valuer and Surveyor'' 19 December 2016. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/714186, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>. These were held every Friday night at 7pm at the [[Sir Robert Nickle Hotel]] in Hawthorn.<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara District Road Board''. 10 December 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7141392, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>. The first funds for the Board of £4,000 from the Victorian Government was appropriated by Parliament on 12 December.<ref>The Age. ''Parliament of Victoria - Legislative Assembly''. 13 December 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154873350/18213504, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref> The first tenders advertised by the new District was published on 11 March 1857 by the newly-appointed secretary, John R. Withers.<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara District Road Board - Tenders will be received until Friday''. 11 March 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7145969, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>		The Board began advertising for official positions in newspapers and held its first meetings.<ref>The Argus. ''Wanted - a secretary for the Boroondara Road Board''. 8 December 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7141321, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref><ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road District - Wanted, Valuer and Surveyor'' 19 December 2016. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/714186, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>. These were held every Friday night at 7pm at the [[Sir Robert Nickle Hotel]] in Hawthorn.<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara District Road Board''. 10 December 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7141392, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>. The first funds for the Board of £4,000 from the Victorian Government was appropriated by Parliament on 12 December.<ref>The Age. ''Parliament of Victoria - Legislative Assembly''. 13 December 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154873350/18213504, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref> The first tenders advertised by the new District was published on 11 March 1857 by the newly-appointed secretary, John R. Withers.<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara District Road Board - Tenders will be received until Friday''. 11 March 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7145969, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>

	=== 1857-58 opposition ===		===1857-58 opposition===
	Those opposed to the formation of the District continued in their attempts to frustrate the activities of the newly-elected Board. To coincide with the first collection of rates, opponents held a public meeting on 8 August 1857 to condemn these actions. They argued that residents had not been given enough notice of the rate collection, nor did the process allow any recourse or appeal. Dr Palmer, by now the inaugural [[wikipedia:President of the Victorian Legislative Council\|president of the Victorian Legislative Council]], addressed the meeting at length. According to reports in the ''Argus'', despite his previous opposition, he was philosophical about its presence and urged opponents to accept their defeat. At the conclusion of the meeting, several resolutions were passed; most notable one that created a committee of five men to "watch over the proceedings of the road board" and raise funds.<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road Board''. 10 August 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7136765, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref><ref>The Age. ''The Boroondara Road Board v. its Inhabitants''. 13 August 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154832961, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref>		Those opposed to the formation of the District continued in their attempts to frustrate the activities of the newly-elected Board. To coincide with the first collection of rates, opponents held a public meeting on 8 August 1857 to condemn these actions. They argued that residents had not been given enough notice of the rate collection, nor did the process allow any recourse or appeal. Dr Palmer, by now the inaugural [[wikipedia:President of the Victorian Legislative Council\|president of the Victorian Legislative Council]], addressed the meeting at length. According to reports in the ''Argus'', despite his previous opposition, he was philosophical about its presence and urged opponents to accept their defeat. At the conclusion of the meeting, several resolutions were passed; most notable one that created a committee of five men to "watch over the proceedings of the road board" and raise funds.<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road Board''. 10 August 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7136765, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref><ref>The Age. ''The Boroondara Road Board v. its Inhabitants''. 13 August 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154832961, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref>

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	After the throwing out of the case of failure of pay rates by the District Court, the matter was heard by the County Court on Monday 7 December 1857. Newspapers reported large numbers of people gathering to watch the proceedings as the case had transformed from a comparatively simple case of debt collection to a determination on the validity and legitimacy of the Board itself.<ref>The Age. ''County Court of Bourke - Billyeld v Johnston''. 9 December 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154830721, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> The case continued in another sitting on 30 December<ref>The Age. ''County Court of Bourke - Billyeld v Johnston''. 31 December 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154833370, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> On the following day, the justice presented his findings, ruling in favour of the Board.<ref>The Argus. ''County Court of Bourke - Boroondara Road Board Case - Billyeld v Johnston''. 1 January 1858. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7144386, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref><ref>The Age. ''The News of the Day''. 1 January 1858. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154857642, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref>		After the throwing out of the case of failure of pay rates by the District Court, the matter was heard by the County Court on Monday 7 December 1857. Newspapers reported large numbers of people gathering to watch the proceedings as the case had transformed from a comparatively simple case of debt collection to a determination on the validity and legitimacy of the Board itself.<ref>The Age. ''County Court of Bourke - Billyeld v Johnston''. 9 December 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154830721, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> The case continued in another sitting on 30 December<ref>The Age. ''County Court of Bourke - Billyeld v Johnston''. 31 December 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154833370, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> On the following day, the justice presented his findings, ruling in favour of the Board.<ref>The Argus. ''County Court of Bourke - Boroondara Road Board Case - Billyeld v Johnston''. 1 January 1858. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7144386, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref><ref>The Age. ''The News of the Day''. 1 January 1858. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154857642, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref>

			===1860 secessions===


	== Governance ==		== Governance ==

Philip: Moved under construction, fixed governance section headings

2017-03-16T11:22:23Z

Moved under construction, fixed governance section headings

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:22, 16 March 2017
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	~~{{Under construction}}~~
	{{Infobox council		{{Infobox council
	\| name = Boroondara Road District		\| name = Boroondara Road District
Line 11:		Line 10:
	\| footnotes = First Board elected on 7 October 1856		\| footnotes = First Board elected on 7 October 1856
	}}		}}

			== History ==
			{{Under construction}}

	http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/66903364		http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/66903364

	~~== History ==~~
	=== First proclamation ===		=== First proclamation ===
	The Boroondara Road District was gazetted on 11 July 1854 after residents of Boroondara petitioned the state government. Following an act of [[wikipedia:Parliament of Victoria\|Parliament]] in 1853, road boards could be constituted in parts of the state where at least five landowners and five residents had petitioned a local [[wikipedia:Justice of the Peace\|Justice of the Peace]] to do so. The purpose of these organisations was to improve, maintain and manage roads and bridges throughout the state consisting of local elected members. Their activities were overseen by the Central Roads Board reporting directly to the [[wikipedia:Lieutenant-Governor\|Lieutenant-Governor]] of the day.<ref>Victorian Government Gazette. ''No. XL - An Act for making and improving Roads in the Colony of Victoria''. Australasian Legal Information Institute. 8 February 1853. http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/hist_act/aafmairitcov538.pdf, accessed: 3 December 2016</ref>		The Boroondara Road District was gazetted on 11 July 1854 after residents of Boroondara petitioned the state government. Following an act of [[wikipedia:Parliament of Victoria\|Parliament]] in 1853, road boards could be constituted in parts of the state where at least five landowners and five residents had petitioned a local [[wikipedia:Justice of the Peace\|Justice of the Peace]] to do so. The purpose of these organisations was to improve, maintain and manage roads and bridges throughout the state consisting of local elected members. Their activities were overseen by the Central Roads Board reporting directly to the [[wikipedia:Lieutenant-Governor\|Lieutenant-Governor]] of the day.<ref>Victorian Government Gazette. ''No. XL - An Act for making and improving Roads in the Colony of Victoria''. Australasian Legal Information Institute. 8 February 1853. http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/hist_act/aafmairitcov538.pdf, accessed: 3 December 2016</ref>
Line 41:		Line 42:

	== Governance ==		== Governance ==
	=== ~~Mayors~~ ===		=== Chairmen ===
	{{Main article\|Chairmen of the Boroondara District Roads Board}}		{{Main article\|Chairmen of the Boroondara District Roads Board}}

	=== ~~Councillors~~ ===		=== Members ===
	{{Main article\|Members of the Boroondara District Roads Board}}		{{Main article\|Members of the Boroondara District Roads Board}}

Philip: Added 1857 opposition

2016-12-21T23:57:15Z

Added 1857 opposition

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:57, 22 December 2016
Line 23:		Line 23:
	A public meeting held on 17 September 1856 was convened to discuss the formation and boundaries of the Boroondara Road District. As reported in the ''Argus'', the gathering was well-attended and support for the creation of a district and board was generally present. This was despite some interjections and opposition from those concerned about the levying of rates on property owners, although this does not appear to have been a popular view.<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road District''. 17 September 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7136736, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>		A public meeting held on 17 September 1856 was convened to discuss the formation and boundaries of the Boroondara Road District. As reported in the ''Argus'', the gathering was well-attended and support for the creation of a district and board was generally present. This was despite some interjections and opposition from those concerned about the levying of rates on property owners, although this does not appear to have been a popular view.<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road District''. 17 September 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7136736, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>

	As a result of resolutions passed at this initial gathering, a second meeting was called at the [[Governor Hotham Hotel]] in [[Hawthorn]] in a second attempt to elect a Board.<ref>The Argus. ''Meetings - Boroondara Road District''. 19 September 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7136875, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref> [[Henry S. Walsh\|Henry Walsh]], a local Justice of the Peace and subsequently the first Chair of the Board, chaired the meeting, which was interrupted by a number of locals who opposed the creation of the District and proposed a resolution to reverse the decision of the previous meeting to establish a Roads District. The grounds of opposition included that it was preferable for Boroondara, as part of metropolitan [[wikipedia:Melbourne\|Melbourne]], to fall under the jurisdiction of the existing Central Roads Board to avoid the expense and inconvenience of separate administration and equipment for individual districts. This would in turn save local ratepayers money through the efficiencies of centralised government. However, many others rose in support of the creation of the District, arguing that it had been neglected by the state administration and necessitated a local government to ensure that the residents were able to more directly ensure that infrastructure was maintained to an acceptable standard.<ref name="SecondBoroondaraMeeting">The Argus. ''Boroondara District Road Board''. 7 October 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7137902, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>		As a result of resolutions passed at this initial gathering, a second meeting was called at the [[Governor Hotham Hotel]] in [[Hawthorn]] in a second attempt to elect a Board.<ref>The Argus. ''Meetings - Boroondara Road District''. 19 September 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7136875, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref> [[Henry S. Walsh\|Henry Walsh]], a local Justice of the Peace and subsequently the first Chair of the Board, chaired the meeting, which was interrupted by a number of locals who opposed the creation of the District and proposed a resolution to reverse the decision of the previous meeting to establish a Roads District. The grounds of opposition articulated by one of the notable opponents of the proposition, [[James Frederick Palmer\|Dr Sir James Frederick Palmer]], included that it was preferable for Boroondara, as part of metropolitan [[wikipedia:Melbourne\|Melbourne]], to fall under the jurisdiction of the existing Central Roads Board to avoid the expense and inconvenience of separate administration and equipment for individual districts. This would in turn save local ratepayers money through the efficiencies of centralised government. However, many others rose in support of the creation of the District, arguing that it had been neglected by the state administration and necessitated a local government to ensure that the residents were able to more directly ensure that infrastructure was maintained to an acceptable standard.<ref name="SecondBoroondaraMeeting">The Argus. ''Boroondara District Road Board''. 7 October 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7137902, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>

	After lengthy debate, a vote was called on the resolution to prevent the establishment of the District. The show of hands was reported to be close and a division was called during which the Chair declared the motion lost. This caused an uproar from those opposed to the District's creation and the meeting was thrown into disarray. The first board was subsequently elected and constituted with Henry Walsh as its inaugural chair, although the meeting caused much debate in letters written to newspapers over subsequent weeks from those involved.<ref name="SecondBoroondaraMeeting" /><ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road District - to the editor of the Argus''. 8 October 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7137938, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref><ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road District Board Meeting''. 10 October 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7138080, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>		After lengthy debate, a vote was called on the resolution to prevent the establishment of the District. The show of hands was reported to be close and a division was called during which the Chair declared the motion lost. This caused an uproar from those opposed to the District's creation and the meeting was thrown into disarray. The first board was subsequently elected and constituted with Henry Walsh as its inaugural chair, although the meeting caused much debate in letters written to newspapers over subsequent weeks from those involved.<ref name="SecondBoroondaraMeeting" /><ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road District - to the editor of the Argus''. 8 October 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7137938, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref><ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road District Board Meeting''. 10 October 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7138080, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>
Line 31:		Line 31:

	=== Operations ===		=== Operations ===
	The Board began advertising for official positions in newspapers and held its first meetings.<ref>The Argus. ''Wanted - a secretary for the Boroondara Road Board''. 8 December 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7141321, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref><ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road District - Wanted, Valuer and Surveyor'' 19 December 2016. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/714186, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>. ~~Meeting~~ were held every Friday night at 7pm at the [[Sir Robert Nickle Hotel]] in Hawthorn.<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara District Road Board''. 10 December 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7141392, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>. The first funds for the Board of £4,000 from the Victorian Government was appropriated by Parliament on 12 December.<ref>The Age. ''Parliament of Victoria - Legislative Assembly''. 13 December 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154873350/18213504, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref> The first tenders advertised by the new District was published on 11 March 1857 by the newly-appointed secretary, John R. Withers.<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara District Road Board - Tenders will be received until Friday''. 11 March 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7145969, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>		The Board began advertising for official positions in newspapers and held its first meetings.<ref>The Argus. ''Wanted - a secretary for the Boroondara Road Board''. 8 December 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7141321, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref><ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road District - Wanted, Valuer and Surveyor'' 19 December 2016. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/714186, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>. These were held every Friday night at 7pm at the [[Sir Robert Nickle Hotel]] in Hawthorn.<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara District Road Board''. 10 December 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7141392, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>. The first funds for the Board of £4,000 from the Victorian Government was appropriated by Parliament on 12 December.<ref>The Age. ''Parliament of Victoria - Legislative Assembly''. 13 December 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154873350/18213504, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref> The first tenders advertised by the new District was published on 11 March 1857 by the newly-appointed secretary, John R. Withers.<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara District Road Board - Tenders will be received until Friday''. 11 March 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7145969, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>

			=== 1857-58 opposition ===
			Those opposed to the formation of the District continued in their attempts to frustrate the activities of the newly-elected Board. To coincide with the first collection of rates, opponents held a public meeting on 8 August 1857 to condemn these actions. They argued that residents had not been given enough notice of the rate collection, nor did the process allow any recourse or appeal. Dr Palmer, by now the inaugural [[wikipedia:President of the Victorian Legislative Council\|president of the Victorian Legislative Council]], addressed the meeting at length. According to reports in the ''Argus'', despite his previous opposition, he was philosophical about its presence and urged opponents to accept their defeat. At the conclusion of the meeting, several resolutions were passed; most notable one that created a committee of five men to "watch over the proceedings of the road board" and raise funds.<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road Board''. 10 August 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7136765, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref><ref>The Age. ''The Boroondara Road Board v. its Inhabitants''. 13 August 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154832961, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref>

			Once formed, this committee began holding further meetings to drum up support for their cause from Boroondara. After a number of ratepayers refused to pay their rate, the committee resolved to assist in the defence of anybody summoned before a court for the failure to pay rates if that person also agreed to oppose the entire legality of the Board and its existence.<ref>The Age. ''Boroondara Road Board''. 30 September 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154830761, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> The failure of nine residents to pay their rates was brought before the District Court, the first time that such a case had been presented in [[wikipedia:Victoria, Australia\|Victoria]].<ref>The Argus. ''Road Board Rates''. 1 October 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7139572, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> The defence successfully argued that the court had no such jurisdiction in the matter and that it should be referred to the Supreme or County Courts.<ref>The Age. ''Boroondara Road Board''. 3 October 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154835425, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> These events coincided with the convening of the Board's annual general meeting which was held on Saturday 3 October. It was thrown into disarray when members of the residents committee took control of the meeting and refused to appoint any auditors or board members.<ref>The Age. ''Boroondara Road Board''. 7 October 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154831928, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref>

			After the throwing out of the case of failure of pay rates by the District Court, the matter was heard by the County Court on Monday 7 December 1857. Newspapers reported large numbers of people gathering to watch the proceedings as the case had transformed from a comparatively simple case of debt collection to a determination on the validity and legitimacy of the Board itself.<ref>The Age. ''County Court of Bourke - Billyeld v Johnston''. 9 December 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154830721, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> The case continued in another sitting on 30 December<ref>The Age. ''County Court of Bourke - Billyeld v Johnston''. 31 December 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154833370, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref> On the following day, the justice presented his findings, ruling in favour of the Board.<ref>The Argus. ''County Court of Bourke - Boroondara Road Board Case - Billyeld v Johnston''. 1 January 1858. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7144386, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref><ref>The Age. ''The News of the Day''. 1 January 1858. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154857642, accessed: 22 December 2016</ref>

	== Governance ==		== Governance ==

Philip: Philip moved page Boroondara District Road Board to Boroondara Road District: Name of entity, not of governing body

2016-12-21T05:21:33Z

Philip moved page Boroondara District Road Board to Boroondara Road District: Name of entity, not of governing body

← Older revision	Revision as of 15:21, 21 December 2016
(No difference)

Philip: Philip moved page Boroondara District Roads Board to Boroondara District Road Board: No 's'

2016-12-21T05:06:30Z

Philip moved page Boroondara District Roads Board to Boroondara District Road Board: No 's'

← Older revision	Revision as of 15:06, 21 December 2016
(No difference)

Philip: Added history and changed names to Road District

2016-12-21T04:38:02Z

Added history and changed names to Road District

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:38, 21 December 2016
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Under construction}}		{{Under construction}}
	{{Infobox council		{{Infobox council
	\| name = Boroondara District ~~Roads Board~~		\| name = Boroondara Road District
	\| population =		\| population =
	\| established = 11 July 1854		\| established = 11 July 1854 (proclaimed)
	\| abolished = 17 November 1871 (reconstituted as the [[Shire of Boroondara]])		\| abolished = 17 November 1871 (reconstituted as the [[Shire of Boroondara]])
	\| area = 60km<sup>2</sup>		\| area = 60km<sup>2</sup>
Line 9:		Line 9:
	\| mayor = [[George Henry Taylor\|George Taylor]]<ref name="BlameyHistoryCamberwell">Blainey, Geoffrey (1980). 'A History of Camberwell'. Melbourne:Lothian.</ref>		\| mayor = [[George Henry Taylor\|George Taylor]]<ref name="BlameyHistoryCamberwell">Blainey, Geoffrey (1980). 'A History of Camberwell'. Melbourne:Lothian.</ref>
	\| seat =		\| seat =
			\| footnotes = First Board elected on 7 October 1856
	}}		}}

Line 14:		Line 15:

	== History ==		== History ==
	The ~~Roads Board~~ was gazetted on 11 July 1854 after residents of Boroondara petitioned ~~to create~~ the ~~Boroondara District Roads Board~~. Following an act of [[wikipedia:Parliament of Victoria\|Parliament]] in 1853, road boards could be constituted in parts of the state where at least five landowners and five residents had petitioned a local [[wikipedia:Justice of the Peace\|Justice of the Peace]] to do so. The purpose of these organisations was to improve, maintain and manage roads and bridges throughout the state consisting of local elected members. Their activities were overseen by the Central Roads Board reporting directly to the [[wikipedia:Lieutenant-Governor\|Lieutenant-Governor]] of the day.<ref>Victorian Government Gazette. ''No. XL - An Act for making and improving Roads in the Colony of Victoria''. Australasian Legal Information Institute. 8 February 1853. http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/hist_act/aafmairitcov538.pdf, accessed: 3 December 2016</ref>		=== First proclamation ===
			The Boroondara Road District was gazetted on 11 July 1854 after residents of Boroondara petitioned the state government. Following an act of [[wikipedia:Parliament of Victoria\|Parliament]] in 1853, road boards could be constituted in parts of the state where at least five landowners and five residents had petitioned a local [[wikipedia:Justice of the Peace\|Justice of the Peace]] to do so. The purpose of these organisations was to improve, maintain and manage roads and bridges throughout the state consisting of local elected members. Their activities were overseen by the Central Roads Board reporting directly to the [[wikipedia:Lieutenant-Governor\|Lieutenant-Governor]] of the day.<ref>Victorian Government Gazette. ''No. XL - An Act for making and improving Roads in the Colony of Victoria''. Australasian Legal Information Institute. 8 February 1853. http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/hist_act/aafmairitcov538.pdf, accessed: 3 December 2016</ref>

	Elections were subsequently held to determine the members of the Board. Overseen by the local justice of the peace, J. F. Palmer, the first meeting was subsequently held at the [[Red Lion Hotel]] in [[Hawthorn]] at 2pm on 2 September 1854.<ref>The Argus ''Advertising - Boroondara Road District''. 23 August 1854. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/4796721, accessed: 3 December 2016</ref> However, historical records suggest that an election was either not held or no candidates came forward, as the first Board was not elected until 1856.<ref name="BlameyHistoryCamberwell" />		Elections were subsequently held to determine the members of the Board. Overseen by the local justice of the peace, J. F. Palmer, the first meeting was subsequently held at the [[Red Lion Hotel]] in [[Hawthorn]] at 2pm on 2 September 1854.<ref>The Argus ''Advertising - Boroondara Road District''. 23 August 1854. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/4796721, accessed: 3 December 2016</ref> However, historical records suggest that an election was either not held or no candidates came forward, as the first Board was not elected until 1856.<ref name="BlameyHistoryCamberwell" /> Thus, the District was not properly constituted and seems to have existed only in name until 1856.

			=== Second proclamation ===
			A public meeting held on 17 September 1856 was convened to discuss the formation and boundaries of the Boroondara Road District. As reported in the ''Argus'', the gathering was well-attended and support for the creation of a district and board was generally present. This was despite some interjections and opposition from those concerned about the levying of rates on property owners, although this does not appear to have been a popular view.<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road District''. 17 September 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7136736, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>

			As a result of resolutions passed at this initial gathering, a second meeting was called at the [[Governor Hotham Hotel]] in [[Hawthorn]] in a second attempt to elect a Board.<ref>The Argus. ''Meetings - Boroondara Road District''. 19 September 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7136875, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref> [[Henry S. Walsh\|Henry Walsh]], a local Justice of the Peace and subsequently the first Chair of the Board, chaired the meeting, which was interrupted by a number of locals who opposed the creation of the District and proposed a resolution to reverse the decision of the previous meeting to establish a Roads District. The grounds of opposition included that it was preferable for Boroondara, as part of metropolitan [[wikipedia:Melbourne\|Melbourne]], to fall under the jurisdiction of the existing Central Roads Board to avoid the expense and inconvenience of separate administration and equipment for individual districts. This would in turn save local ratepayers money through the efficiencies of centralised government. However, many others rose in support of the creation of the District, arguing that it had been neglected by the state administration and necessitated a local government to ensure that the residents were able to more directly ensure that infrastructure was maintained to an acceptable standard.<ref name="SecondBoroondaraMeeting">The Argus. ''Boroondara District Road Board''. 7 October 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7137902, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>

			After lengthy debate, a vote was called on the resolution to prevent the establishment of the District. The show of hands was reported to be close and a division was called during which the Chair declared the motion lost. This caused an uproar from those opposed to the District's creation and the meeting was thrown into disarray. The first board was subsequently elected and constituted with Henry Walsh as its inaugural chair, although the meeting caused much debate in letters written to newspapers over subsequent weeks from those involved.<ref name="SecondBoroondaraMeeting" /><ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road District - to the editor of the Argus''. 8 October 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7137938, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref><ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road District Board Meeting''. 10 October 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7138080, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>

			Not giving up, those opposed to the formation of the District, including local members of the [[wikipedia:Parliament of Victoria\|Victorian Parliament]], held another meeting three weeks later on 28 October. They passed a resolution calling for the [[wikipedia:Governor of Victoria\|Governor of Victoria]] to rescind the proclamation of the Boroondara Road District.<ref>The Age. ''Boroondara Road District Road Board''. 28 October 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154869779, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref> However, they were not successful in their efforts and sparked yet more letter-writing to newspapers condemning their attempts. One anonymous resident wrote:
			:''"Localise your Government : let each district have its representatives to improve, strengthen and protect its own interests, such institutions to be fostered by the central Government...Inhabitants of Boroondara, arouse from your lethargy, and show these sapient legislators, and would be legislator, that if they have had their roads made at the public expense, they shall contribute, if not a portion of their time, at least of their money to make yours."''<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road Board - to the editor of the Argus''. 1 November 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7139352, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>

			=== Operations ===
			The Board began advertising for official positions in newspapers and held its first meetings.<ref>The Argus. ''Wanted - a secretary for the Boroondara Road Board''. 8 December 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7141321, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref><ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara Road District - Wanted, Valuer and Surveyor'' 19 December 2016. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/714186, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>. Meeting were held every Friday night at 7pm at the [[Sir Robert Nickle Hotel]] in Hawthorn.<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara District Road Board''. 10 December 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7141392, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>. The first funds for the Board of £4,000 from the Victorian Government was appropriated by Parliament on 12 December.<ref>The Age. ''Parliament of Victoria - Legislative Assembly''. 13 December 1856. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/154873350/18213504, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref> The first tenders advertised by the new District was published on 11 March 1857 by the newly-appointed secretary, John R. Withers.<ref>The Argus. ''Boroondara District Road Board - Tenders will be received until Friday''. 11 March 1857. http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7145969, accessed: 21 December 2016</ref>

	== Governance ==		== Governance ==
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	{{Boroondara District ~~Roads Board~~}}		{{Boroondara Road District}}
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	[[Category:Government]]		[[Category:Government]]